Vitamins, Deficiency Diseases, Classification, Scientific Names and MCQs

This article is about vitamins, their deficiency diseases, classification, scientific names. At the end, we have also given you some important MCQs on the topic to make your concepts stronger.

Also Check: MCQs on general science

What are vitamins?

The organic compounds that are required in small amounts in the diet to maintain normal metabolic functions are known as ‘Vitamins’.

Most of the vitamins cannot be synthesized in our body but plants can synthesize almost all of them, so they are considered as essential food factors.

However, the bacteria of the gut can produce some of the vitamins required by us.

The earlier name of vitamin was vitamine, which itself was coined in 1912 as a combination of the words “vital” and “amine” by Polish biochemist Casimir Funk. The term vitamine was changed to vitamin when it was found that all vitamins are not amines. Casimir Funk is credited to have discovered the vitamins.

Many vitamins act as (or) are converted into coenzymes; they neither provide energy nor are incorporated into tissues. Coenzymes are organic nonprotein molecules that bind with the protein molecule (apoenzyme) to form the active enzyme (holoenzyme).

These also regulate the Bio-chemical processes in the body.

Classification of Vitamins

We generally divide vitamins into two categories based upon their solubility. The two categories are:

1. Fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K). These are found in abundance in liver cells and in adipose tissues.
2. Water soluble vitamins (C, B-complex). These are present in much smaller amounts in cells. Water soluble vitamins must be supplied regularly in diet because they are readily excreted in urine and cannot be stored (except vitamin B12) in our body

Vitamin Deficiency Diseases

Vitamin	Scientific Name	Defeciency
Vitamin A	Retinol	Night blindness
Vitamin B1	Thiamine	Beri-beri
Vitamin B2	Riboflavin	Retarded growth, bad skin
Vitamin B3	Niacin	pellagra. Pellagra includes the triad of dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea
Vitamin B5	Pantothenic Acid	fatigue, insomnia, depression, irritability, vomiting, stomach pains
Vitamin B6	Pyridoxine	peripheral neuropathy, seborrheic dermatitis, glossitis, and cheilosis, and, in adults, depression, confusion, and seizures.
Vitamin B7	Biotin	alopecia and scaly erythematous dermatitis
Vitamin B9	Folic Acid	folate-deficiency anemia, Birth defects innew born baby if mother has defeciency
Vitamin B12	Cobalamin	Anaemia
Vitamin C	Ascorbic acid	Scurvy
Vitamin D	Calciferol	Rickets/Osteomalacia
Vitamin E	tocopherol	Nerve and Muscle damages
Vitamin K	Phylloquinone	Excessive bleeding due to injury

MCQs on Vitamins For Competitive Exams JKSSB, NEET

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Which of the following is a function of Vitamins?

1. They provide energy to the body.
2. They act as the store house of energy.
3. They protect and insulate our body organs.
4. They help in maintaing good bones and in boosting immunity.

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Eating the liver of a polar bear can cause:

1. Vitamin A poisoning
2. Vitamin B poisoning
3. Vitamin K poisoning
4. Vitamin E poisoning

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Which of the following is not a fat soluble vitamin?

1. Vitamin A
2. Vitamin B
3. Vitamin D
4. Vitamin K

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Deficiency of Vitamin B leads to;

1. Beri Beri
2. Scurvy
3. Osteomalacia
4. Excessive bleeding.

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Which of the following vitamins is necessary for formation of clots?

1. Ascorbic acid
2. phylloquinone
3. Tocopherol
4. Retinol

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What is the scientific name of Vitamin B1?

1. Thiamine
2. Biotin
3. Folic acid
4. Cobalamin

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Vitamins often act as:

1. Co enzymes
2. Halo enzymes
3. Apo enzymes
4. Co factors

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Which of the following is not true about Vitamin D.

1. It is also known as Sunshine Vitamin
2. It is necessary for Calcium absorption.
3. It is known as Calciferol.
4. It a water soluble vitamin.
5. Its defeciency can lead to rickets.

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Which of the following vitamins exists in diverse forms?

1. Vitamin A
2. Vitamin B
3. Vitamin C
4. Vitamin D

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The vitamin given to pregnant women to prevent birth defects in the baby is:

1. Vitamin B1
2. Vitamin B3
3. Vitamin B9
4. Vitamin B7

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Which vitamin is also known as Biotin?

1. Vitamin B1
2. Vitamin B3
3. Vitamin B9
4. Vitamin B7

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Which of the following is not true about Vitamin E?

1. It is also known as Pyridoxine.
2. It is also known as “beauty” vitamin.
3. It is a fat soluble vitamin.
4. Its defeciency leads to muscle and nerve damages.

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Which vitamins are produced by gut bacteria?

1. Vitamins A and K
2. Vitamins B and K
3. Vitamins E and K
4. Vitamins A and B

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Who has the most chances of developing Vitamin C deficiency/scurvy?

1. Pregnant Women
2. Malnourished children
3. Covid patients
4. heavy drinkers and smokers

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Who discovered vitamins?

1. Casimir Funk
2. William Harvey
3. Ronald Fischer
4. Carl Linnaeus

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Which vitamin is also a hormone?

1. Vitamin A
2. Vitamin D
3. Vitamin E
4. Vitamin K

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Which vitamin is also known as ‘Wound healing vitamin”?

1. Vitamin B1
2. Vitamin C
3. Vitamin B9
4. Vitamin A

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Pernicious Anemia is caused by the deficiency of:

1. Vitamin B5
2. Vitamin B12
3. Vitamin B6
4. Vitamin C

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The vitamin present in “Golden Rice” is:

1. Vitamin A
2. Vitamin B12
3. Vitamin B6
4. Vitamin C

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Which of the following is not a vitamin?

1. Niacin
2. Thyroxine
3. Riboflavin
4. Pyridoxine

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Which vitamin is helpful for boosting immunity? It was in great demand during Corvid.

1. Vitamin A
2. Vitamin B
3. Vitamin D
4. Vitamin C

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