In this section you will get the list of human diseases and their causes. This section containing information about human diseases and their causes is going to be very useful if you are preparing for competitive exams like JKSSB, JKPSC, UPSC and SSC.
Also Check: Environment and ecology notes pdf
Diseases Caused By Bacteria in Humans
The diseases caused by bacteria in humans are listed below:
| Disease | Causative Bacteria | Mode of transmission | Affected Organ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Septic sore throat | Streptococcus | Droplets and Direct Contact | Throat and Nasal Membrane |
| Diphtheria | Corynebacterium diphtheria | Contact, droplets and food items. | Respiratory tract |
| Pneumonia | Diplococcus pneumonia | Droplets | Respiratory tract |
| Tuberculosis | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Direct contact, droplet infection, food and milk. | lungs, bones and other organs |
| Plague | Yersinia pestis | From rat to man through Rat Flea | Lymph nodes and Lungs |
| Tetanus or LockJaw | Clostridium tetani | Enters through wound | jaw and neck muscles |
| Typhoid or enteric fever | Salmonella typhi | Flies, food, faeces water and carriers | Entire body |
| Cholera | Vibrio cholerae | Flies food, stools, water and carriers | Small intestine |
| Bacillary dysentery | Shigella dysenteriae | Flies, food, faeces,water and carriers | Intestines |
| Whooping cough | Hemophilus pertussis) | Droplets | Respiractory Tract |
| Syphilis | Treponema pallidam | direct contact, chiefly sexual intercourse | Brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones, and joints. |
| Leprosy | Mycobacterium Leprae | long and close contact with infected persons | Skin, nerves of hands, feet and eyes, and the lining of the nose |
| Botulism | Clostridium Botulinum | Badly processed food | Stomach and Intestines |
Human diseases caused by Viruses
The list of the diseases caused by viruses in humans is given below:
| Disease | Causative Virus | Mode of transmission | organs affected |
|---|---|---|---|
| Smallpox | Variola Virus | Direct contact, droplets or touching contaminated surfaces | skin, intestines, lungs, kidneys, and brain |
| Chicken Pox | Varicella Virus | Direct contact, droplets or touching contaminated surfaces | Trunk, face, limbs, mouth and throat |
| Common Cold | Rhinovirus | Droplets or touching contaminated surfaces | nose, throat, sinuses and trachea |
| Influenze/Flu | Orthomixo virus | direct contact, virus in Saliva and secretion of nose invades salivary glands. | nose, throat, sinuses and trachea |
| Mumps | Mumps Virus | parotid glands | |
| Viral Encephalitis | Encephalitis Virus | domestic animals are reservoirs of virus, transmitted by mosquito bite to man. | brain |
| Poliomyelitis | Poliovirus | contact, houseflies, fleas, food and water. | spinal cord |
| Rabies | Rabies virus (rhabdovirus) | Through bite of a rabid dog | nervous system (brain and spinal cord) |
| Dengue / Break Bone fever | Dengue virus | Through Mosquito (Aedes) bite. | liver |
| AIDS | HIV | anal or vaginal sex, or sharing needles, syringes, or other drug injection equipment | Immune System |
Human diseases caused by Protozoans
The human diseases caused by protozoans are listed below:
| Disease | Causative Protozoa | Mode of transmission | Organs affected |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amoebic dysentery / (Amoebiasis) | Entamoeba histolytica | ingestion of cysts in drinking water vegetables and food contaminated with faeces. | Intestines |
| Diarrhea ‘Giardiasis’ | Giardia intestinalis | ingestion of cysts in drinking water vegetables and food contaminated with faeces. | large intestine (colon) |
| Malaria | Plasmodium vivax | Transmitted to man by bite of an infected female anopheles mosquito. | Kidneys, liver, spleen, lungs |
| Sleeping sickness (Trypanosomiasis) | Trypanosoma brucei | Transmitted by bite of tsetse fly | brain (Swelling) |
Human diseases caused by Fungi
The human diseases caused by fungi are listed below:
| Disease | Causative Fungi | Mode of transmission | Organs affected |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ringworm | Microsporum, Trichophyton | direct contact from unbathed cats and dogs or objects handled by infected individuals. | Skin |
| Athlete’s foot | Trichophyton | Bad foot hygiene where skin remains warm and moist for long period, fungi finds optimal condition, invade dead outer layer of skin. | feet |
| Black Fungus / Mucormycosis | mucormycetes. | via exposed wounds in the skin, inhaling, and breathing | sinuses, lungs, skin, and brain. |
This was the list of human diseases, their causes, symptoms and organs involved. we are sure that this list of diseases will help you a lot in your competitive exams.